In JavaScript, a variable may store two types of values: primitive and reference.
JavaScript provides six primitive types as undefined, null, boolean, number, string, and symbol , and a reference type object.
The size of a primitive value is fixed, therefore, JavaScript stores the primitive value on the stack.
On the other hand, the size of a reference value is dynamic so JavaScript stores the reference value on the heap.
When you assign a value to a variable, the JavaScript engine will determine whether the value is a primitive or reference value.
If the value is a primitive value, when you access the variable, you manipulate the actual value stored in that variable. In other words, the variable that stores a primitive value is accessed by value.
Unlike a primitive value, when you manipulate an object, you work on the reference of that object, rather than the actual object. It means a variable that stores an object is accessed by reference.
To determine the type of a primitive value you use the typeof operator. For example:
let x = 10;
console.log(typeof(x));// number
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)
And
let str = 'JS';
console.log(typeof(str));// string
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)
To find the type of a reference value, you use the instanceof operator:
let refType = variable instanceof constructor;
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)
For example, the following rgb variable is an instance of the [Array](<https://www.javascripttutorial.net/javascript-array/>) object:
let rgb = ['red','green','blue'];
console.log(rgb instanceof Array);// true
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)
When you assign a variable that stores a primitive value to another, the value stored in the variable is created and copied into the new variable.
Let’s take a look at the following example.
First, declare a variable a and initialize its value to 10.
var a = 10;
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)